{"id":2656,"date":"2020-12-28T14:30:55","date_gmt":"2020-12-28T14:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/?page_id=2656"},"modified":"2021-08-03T07:49:27","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T11:49:27","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/dossiers\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"History"},"content":{"rendered":"
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History<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Certain historical figures have marked history and are essential for collective memory. Here is a short list of the people to remember and cultivate the legacy. In the race of history, these people were our champions. They carried high, at different levels and in different circumstances, the torch and the flag of our identity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Francois Makandal<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dutty Boukman<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Toussaint louverture<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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J. Jacques Dessalines<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Henry Christophe<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Alexandre petion<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Martin Luther King<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nelson Mandela<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Malcom X<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bob marley<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Francois Makandal<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Makandal was born in the 1728s in the kingdom of Lorango in West Africa. He was probably of the Mandinka ethnicity. He was brought as a slave to St-Domingue at the age of 12 and sold to colonist Le Normand de M\u00e9zy to work on a cane plantation in Chabaud (Chabot) in Limb\u00e9. He escaped the plantation in 1751 to take refuge in the mountains where other Maroon slaves had established renegade societies. He was the first leader known to have united several communities of maroons and organized nocturnal incursions on the plantations to free other slaves.\u00a0<\/p>

He was known for his ferocity and efficiency. He poisoned the sources of water and food, sowing terror among the settlers. They called him \u201cThe Lord of Poison\u201d. He was also the first to lead a more or less organized guerrilla fight against the French by predicting the end of slavery for the slaves of the great region of Limb\u00e9. He was thus the first real leader of the period before the Haitian revolution.<\/p>

Makandal was searched for, hunted down and put a price on his head. There was one day a festival of slaves or calenda on the Dufresne house in January 1758. Having recognized Makandal, a child slave went to warn his master. The settler poured the tafia afloat and Makandal got drunk. They went to capture him in the evening in a black hut where he slept. He was tied up and kept to be transferred to Cap-Fran\u00e7ais, the colonial capital. Makandal escaped overnight, but the dogs chased after him later caught up with him.<\/p>

Makandal was condemned to the stake and executed on January 20, 1758 on the Place d'Armes du Cap. During the execution, in a last superhuman effort, he managed to move the chains at his feet and staggered several meters with a piece of a burning pole. The slaves present in the square exclaimed "Makandal saved! Makandal saved! The square was evacuated and the Swiss Guards grabbed Makandal and brought her back to the stake where he perished. Because the latter was recognized as a voodoo priest, this story gave birth to a legend among the slaves of the North that Makandal did not really die but disappeared from the flames, flying away like a big black fly. The dream of invincibility of the followers of voodoo was thus strengthened.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dutty Boukman<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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A voodoo priest named Dutty Boukman also lived in Limb\u00e9 in Chabaud (Chabot in Creole) on the same plantation as Makandal. Indeed, Dutty Boukman born in Jamaica was sold in his adolescence to the French colonist of Haiti S\u00e9bastien-Fran\u00e7ois le Normand de M\u00e9zy.<\/p>

Boukman was a tall man who aroused the respect of other slaves. He rebuilt a coalition of groups of Maroon slaves and plantation slaves in Limbe. Some of these brown slaves descended from the structure left by Makandal.<\/p>

Boukman brought back the concept of the collective abolition of slavery advanced by Makandal and introduced a well-defined territorial dimension, that is to say the entire northern region. For this purpose, he maintained close ties with slaves of the great northern plain and was able to organize and participate in several secret meetings with different groups belonging to several plantations.<\/p>

These multiple local meetings enabled them to refine the project of a revolt.<\/p>

On the other hand, later in adulthood, Boukman was also a commander and then a coachman on the Clement plantation in the northern plain where he went to live. This gave it the advantage of being able to travel over part of the northern territory. He was therefore able to continue these planning activities. Thus, Boukman organized the meeting of August 14, 1791, in order to fix the date of the general insurrection of the slaves of the North and to mentally prepare them, for the kickoff of the uprising.<\/p>

The chosen meeting place was the Bois-Ca\u00efman forest, located near the second home in Morne-rouge, of S\u00e9bastien-Fran\u00e7ois le Normand de M\u00e9zy.<\/p>

This famous meeting is commonly known as the Bois-Caiman meeting, which over time was given a predominantly religious connotation, although it was a meeting of a political nature. There were two delegates each from all the plantations of Port-Margot, Limb\u00e9, l'Acul, Petite-Anse, Limonade, Plaine du Nord, Quartier-Morin, Morne-Rouge, etc. covering the entire central region of the Northern Province, assembled to set the date for the revolt which had been in the works for some time.<\/p>

A few days after this meeting, the slaves set fire to dozens of plantations in the North. The slaves of Limb\u00e9 opened the ball on August 16, by burning the house of Le Normand de M\u00e9zy in Chabaud (Chabotte). Their leaders were slaves of the Desgrieux plantation (D\u00e9gri\u00e9) including the commander, as well as the commander of the Blin house.<\/p>

Once the conspirators had reached agreement on the date of the revolt, scheduled for the twenty-second, the agreement was authenticated by a voodoo ceremony held in a heavily wooded area known as Bois-Ca\u00efman, not far away. of the LeNormand plantation. According to most accounts, the ceremony was presided over by Boukman and a high-level voodoo priestess.<\/p>

The insurrection began as planned. The slaves set fire to most of the plantations and controlled most of the northern territory for nearly three months, leaving the French only the main towns. After the first blows and once the element of surprise had passed, the colonists organized themselves. Boukman was tracked down. The settlers ended up arresting one of his followers from Limb\u00e9 named Jean, who under torture gave information about Boukman and the Bois-Ca\u00efman reunion. The latter was arrested with a few supporters and executed in Cap-Haitien around November 9, 1791. His severed head was exposed for all to see, once again to send a clear message to the other slaves not to revolt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Histoire Certains personnages historiques ont marqu\u00e9 l\u2019histoire et sont indispensables pour la m\u00e9moire collective. Voici une courte liste des gens dont il faut se rappeler et cultiver l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. Dans la course de l\u2019histoire, ces gens \u00e9taient nos champions. Ils ont port\u00e9 haut, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rent niveau et dans de diff\u00e9rentes circonstances, le flambeau et le drapeau […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2379,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2656","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2656"}],"version-history":[{"count":69,"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5565,"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2656\/revisions\/5565"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haitivision.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}